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The Psychology of Evil- Philip Zimbardo

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philosophy dramatists theologians have Bracken with this question for centuries what makes people go wrong interesting ly I asked this question when I was a little kid when I was a kid growing up in the South Bronx in the city of New York I was surrounded by evil as our kids are a grub in an in and I had friends who really good kids who lived out the Doctor Jekyll mr. Hyde scenario Robert Louis Stevenson that is they took drugs got in trouble went to jail some got killed and some did it without drug assistance Robert Louis Stevenson but that was infection the only question is what was in the juice that and more importantly that line between good and evil with privileged people like to think is fixed and impermeable with them on the good side and the others on the bad side then why was the movable and was permeable good people could be seduced across that line and I'll just good son some rare circumstances bad kids could recover with help with reform with Rehabilitation I want to begin with this wonderful just wonderful lose Swiss re fantasy extra if you look at it focus on the white what you see is a world full of angels but let's look more deeply as we do what appears is the demons the devil's in the world that tells us several things when the world ends guys will always be filled with good and evil good evil is the yin and yang of The Human Condition tell me something else if you remember God's favorite angel was Lucifer apparently it also means the morning star and some scripture apparently he disobeyed God and that's an ultimate this obedience to Authority and when he did Michael the Archangel would send to kick him out of Heaven along with the other Fallen Angels it's the Lucifer descended into become Satan becomes a devil in the force of evil the universe begins paradoxically it was God who created  to storyville didn't do a good job at keeping at the other part of the cosmic transformation God's favorite angel the devil for Meats that's the context for understanding human beings who are transformed from good Ordinary People into perpetrators of evil so loser effect although it focuses on negative the negative people can become not the negative that people are leads me to a psychological definition evil is the exercise of power and that's the key it's about power to intentionally harm people psychologically to hurt people sickly to destroy people mortally or ideas had to commit crimes against humanity if you Google evil the word that should surely have been there by now you come up with a hundred and thirty-six million hits in a third of a second a few years ago I'm sure all of you was shocked as I was with the revelation of American soldiers abusing prisoners in a strange place in a controversial War Abu ghraib and in Iraq these were men and women putting prison unbelievable humiliation I was shocked that it wasn't surprised because I had seen those same visual parallels when I was the prison superintendent of the Stanford Prison study immediately the Bush Administration military said what when is the Scandal don't blame us it's not the system it's the few bad apples a few Rogue soldiers my Apophis is American soldiers are good for usually maybe it was the power that was bad but how am I going to have time I got to deal with that hypothesis I became an expert with it's one of the guards so I can chip fat wreck it in that position I had access to the Dozen investigative reports I had access to him I could study him have him come to my home get to know him do psychological analysis to see what you could Apple or Bad Apple access to all of the thousand pictures that these soldiers took these pictures are of a violin or sexual nature all of them come from the cameras of American soldiers because everybody have a digital camera cell phone cameras they took pics of everything in a thousand what I've done is I organized into various categories but these are by United States military police army reservist they are not soldiers prepared for this Mission at the wall and it all happened in a single play Tijuana a on the knife why t18 with the center for military intelligence it was the interrogation hold CIA was there from Titan Corporation all there and they getting no information about the Insurgency so they going to put pressure on these soldiers military police the cross the line give them permission to break it with the wheel of the enemy to prepare them for interrogation to soften them up to take the gloves off and this is how it was interpreted let's go down to that dungeon the pretty horrific that's what that's one of those one of that visual. Illustration of Yvonne and it should not have escaped you that some of them reason I pair that the prisoner was on Leonardo DaVinci though to humanity is that that reason I was mentally ill by prisoner covered himself with s*** everyday and I used to have to Rolling in dirt so you wouldn't stink but you're calling Chick-fil-A what was he doing in that prison rather than in some mental institution that's what is responsible because what could be who are people that ignore 3 the want of the situation and obviously that's where I'm headed to how to psychologists go about understanding such transformations of human Kara could you believe that they were good soldiers before they went down to the dungeon the three ways the main way is this called we look at what's inside of the person the Bad Apple this is the foundation of all of social sciences Foundation of religion the foundation of War people are the actors on the stage you'll have to be aware of what the situation is who are the cast of characters what's the costume is there a sage direct it until we're interested in what are the external factors around the individual for the bad Barrel I don't decide to stop there and they missed the big point that I discovered when became an extra travel grab the powers in the system the system creates the situation across the individual the system is the legal political economic and cultural background and this is where the power is of the bad bow maker she want to change the person that change the situation when changing situation you got to know where the power is in system so the Lucifer effect involved with these three fact it's a dime back into play what if people bring into the situation what is the situation bring out of them and what is the system that creates and maintains that situation and has great a lot of detail. What I'm going to do about today the doctor is a celebration of the human mind infinite capacity to make any of us kind of cruel caring or creative or destructive in the mix some of us Ellen and the good news story that I'm going to hopefully come to at the end is it makes some of us Heroes cartoon on the New York & Wheatley summarize my whole talk I'm neither a good cop nor bad cops around like yourself, complex positive negative personality traits that he merge or not depending on the circumstances this is Ceti some of you think you know about but very few people have ever read the story you watch that you watch the movie Sandy Milgram little Jewish kid from the Bronx and you ask a question but the Holocaust happened here now would you like to do the stranger then why do we put you in a situation and give you a chance and see what you would do and say what he did was he catch it a thousand Ordinary People 500 New Haven Connecticut 500 psychologist won on the sand memory we want in people's memories cuz memory is a key to success okay I'm going to give you five bucks for dollars for your time we don't want college students who want men between 20 and 50 and way to study there in women Arbors clerk White Collar people see you go down one of you was going to be alone and one of these going to be teacher to learn as a GM middle-aged guy he gets too tied up in the shock apparatus in another room to learn could be this middle-aged could be I want to be was told by The Authority the guy in the lab coat your job as teacher is give this time it's here to learn get the right reward and gets it wrong you press a button on the shot box that's a key Al Sharpton $15 and then the next step is another $15 the problem is at the end of the line 4 and 50 volts and a person you complain so who's going to be responsible Kermit says don't worry I will continue teacher the question is who would go all the way to 450 volts dangerous to be a shock when it gets up the kids XXX of power diatris howmet what percent of American citizens who vote to the end they said only 1% cuz that sadistic behavior and we know Psychiatry knows only 1% of Americans are sadistic is it data they could not be more wrong 2/3 go all the way for a 250 volt this is just one study and look at 8:16 when you see somebody like you go 90% of all the way if you see people Rebelle 90% Ravel what about women 3013 no different than men so milk and to the willingness of people to blindly obey Authority all the way to 450 volts and it's like a diamond sent that you can make almost everybody totally obedient down to the majority down to none what are the external parallel told research is artificial what's the real world American citizens committed suicide or murdered by family and friends in Guyana jungle 1978 Reverend Jim Jones He persuaded them to mass suicide affect a man of God who becomes the angel of death Milgram study is all about individual authority to control people most of the time we are in Institute to the Stanford Prison study is the study of the power of Institutions to influence individual Behavior class for this study which I did with the gravy we didn't have money for a cheap little ahead of me wanted college students for study of prison life 75 people volunteered to personality test we didn't mm most normal most healthy randomly sign in 3 prison guard Sunday one we knew we had good apples I'm going to put you in a bad situation and secondly we know there's no difference between the boys are going to be guard the boys going to prison the kids at home in the dormitories study begin Sunday we didn't tell them that the city police would have come and do realistic arrest police car pulls up in front and a cop come to the front door knocks and says he's look so they right there they took me out the door they put my hands against the car is a real cop car it was a real policeman and they were real neighbors in the street and didn't know that I was that this was a experiment and there was cameras all around and neighbors all around but they put me in the car then they drove me around Palo Alto I took me to the police station in the basement of the police station then they put me in a Cell I was the first one to be picked up so they put me in a Cell which is just like a room with a door with bars on it you could tell it wasn't a real jail then this degrading the outfit they were taking this experiment to seriously anonymity Garden State Prison to clean the toilet bowl play Bear Hands to do how do you Milly editing tasks they stripped him naked they sexually taught them that begin to do the grading activities like having them simulate simulating until my guards ID in 5 days reaction was so extreme that normal kids we picked because they're healthy at breakdowns within 36 hours to study ended after 6 days because it had was out of control. Five kids and emotional breakdown does it make a difference what is go to battle changing their appearance or not does it make a difference if they're not of its and how they treat their victims we know In some cultures they go to war they don't change it for another culture they paint themselves like Lord of the Flies and some they wear masks and then they were soldiers are Anonymous in uniform dislike of anthropologist John Watson found 23 couches that had two bits of data do they change their appearance 15 do they kill Tatsumi like 13th if they don't change your parents only Fortune using the key is in the Redstone if they chain your parents 12 and 13 that's 90% kill torture mutilation That's The Power of anonymity small step meditation about is deindividuation diffusion of personal responsibility blind obedience to Authority uncritical Conformity to group Norms pass it, to evil doing an action or indifference and it happens when you in a situation that is don't work your personnel morality are disengaged nothing is easy then to denounce evildoer nothing more difficult than understanding him. BFG tells us understanding is not excusing psychology is not excusing ology social psychological research people can be transformed without the drugs you don't need it you just see the social psychological process see parallels compare this with this 10th West and Gary and I have been with this says psychologist tempted understand how and why individuals and groups who usually Accu mainly can sometimes act otherwise in certain circumstances that's the Lucifer effect the Landmark National Retail for all military operations if you give people power without oversight it's a prescription for abuse they knew that and let that happen another day another report of that schedule for Bojangles Fay says the system is guilty and in this report he said it was the environment created off of find leadership failures that contribute to the occurrence of such abuse and the fact that remain undiscovered by higher authorities for a long. Of 3 months who was watching the store the answer is nobody I think nobody on purpose you gave the guards listen to those things and then who nobody was ever going to come down for that dungeon so you need a paradigm shift and all of these areas the shift is away from the medical model that focuses only on the individual and the shift is for the public health model that recognizes Scituate is the stomach vectors of disease disease patients at the line between good and evil cuts through the heart of every year that means that mom is on her out there that's a decision that you have to make that the personal thing don't want and very quickly on a positive note heroism at the antidote to Evil by promoting the heroic Imagination Station our kids the system we want kids to think I'm a hero in waiting waiting for the right situation to come along and I will act heroically my whole life is not going to focus Away From Evil I've been in since I was a kid to understanding Heroes banality of here with me. It's ordinary people you hurt it's the count the point of hundreds of banality of evil or traditional societal heroes are wrong because the wrong mileage for that have Supernatural Talent we want to kiss the realize most Heroes everyday people and heroic Act is unusual this is Joe Darby he was the one that stopped those abuse images he turned them over to the investigating officer he was a low-level private What stopped it was here all night I've been hiding because people wanted to kill him and that his mother and his wife for three years they were in hiding this is the woman who stopped the Stanford Prison study and I said it got out of control I was a prison superintendent I didn't notice out of control I was totally indifferent she came down so that had a house until you know what it's terrible what you're doing for those boys and boys and you are responsible to study the next day the good news is I'm at the next year I just came to my senses obviously so so situation have the power to do the sick but disappointed in the same situation that can that can inflame the hostel imagination some of us that makes us perpetrators of evil can Inspire the heroic imagination notice it's the same situation are you on one side of the other most people are ww11 action because your mother said don't get involved mind your own business and have say mama humanity is my business so psychology of heroism encourage children and new courses that I'm working with Matt Langdon Workshop to develop his heroic imagination self lately I am a hero in waiting and teach them skills to be a game where you have to learn to be a deviant heroes are ordinary people with social action next door neighbor act Makita Heroes of two things you have to act when other people passive beef you have to act sociocentric Leaf not egocentric my hero 50 year old African American construction worker standing on the subway in New York for white guy falls on the tracks the subway train is coming there 75 people that you know what they freeze he's got a reason not to get involved he's black guy's wife and he's got two little kids and his kids are strange it jumps on the track what's the guide can you translate on him so we could go with him was meeting the guy 20 and 1/2 inches height the train clearances 21in he said I did what anyone could do no big deal tracks and the moral imperative is I did what everyone should do that's a one day you will be in a new situation take path one you got to be perpetrated Mabel evil meaning going to cheat for you going to have to allow bullying become guilty of the evil of a passive been Action Pack 3 becoming a hero point is are we ready to take the path is celebrating ordinary Heroes waiting for the right situation to come along to put heroic vacations action because it may only once in your life when you pass it by you always know I could have been a hero that let it pass me by so the point is thinking it and then doing it I want to thank you thank you thank you Google systems at home and abroad and let's focus on the pain advocate for respect a personal dignity for justice and peace would sadly our Administration has not been doing so much

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